Newly identified bacteria cleans up common plastic

(credit: AJC Photography)

Plastics are everywhere. Once they get into the environment as trash, they stay there for years, decades, or even centuries. That's because most plastic is chemically inert and immune to the enzymatic processes involved in biodegradation. We've tried to curtail plastic pollution through recycling and by creating plastics that are biodegradable or compostable. But what about all the plastic litter that's already out there and could persist long after our grandchildren are gone?

Life may be coming to our aid. A team of scientists in Japan, led by Shosuke Yoshida of Kyoto University, has recently discovered a species of bacteria that can degrade a plastic called PET.

Identifying microbes that degrade PET

PET stands for polyethylene terephthalate, a plastic with good mechanical, barrier, and optical properties. Bottles for water and soft drinks are just a couple of PET's many, many uses. PET is a polyester compound with a high aromatic content, which makes it chemically inert. As a result, it is typically considered resistant to microbial degradation, although certain fungi grow on a mineral medium containing PET. Roughly 56 million tons of PET are produced each year, and a lot of that ends up in the environment.

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