The experimental setups can be very complex, with imaging equipment, other sensors, sample handling hardware, and more all accessing the site where the beam comes through. (credit: John Timmer)
Today, the SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory is starting construction on a second X-ray laser that will be even brighter and more intense than its first. The new hardware, based on a superconducting linear accelerator (or linac), will replace about a third of the length of the original accelerator and leave the facility's existing X-ray laser intact.
The SLAC facility is a linear electron accelerator that was originally built to characterize the W and Z bosons. After the frontier of high-energy physics shifted to CERN, the hardware was repurposed to create an extremely powerful X-ray laser.
When charged particles are forced to move along a curved path, they lose energy in the form of radiation. If they're moving at sufficiently high energies, that radiation takes the form of X-rays. At SLAC, an X-ray laser is generated by accelerating electrons and then forcing them through a series of carefully space magnets (called undulators or wigglers) that cause the particles to curve back and forth. The end result of all the radiation they emit is an intense beam of X-rays that can be used for a variety of imaging applications.
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